I have the honour to propose that this agreement be treated as an integral part of the agreement. I should be grateful if you would confirm that your Government shares this understanding. 5. Efforts to exploit the trade secret commercially shall not be hindered or hindered by the imposition of excessive or discriminatory conditions which dilute the value of the trade secret. In 2010, Russia created a customs union with Kazakhstan and Belarus. This customs union became the Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU) in 2015. Armenia and Kyrgyzstan joined the EAEU in the same year. The EAEU has legal competences in many trade-related policy areas such as customs, competition, trade defence, regulation of agricultural and industrial products, intellectual property rights and external trade policy. Turkey has concluded bilateral and multilateral agreements with: convinced that a trade relations agreement between the two parties best serves their mutual interests, and 3. A trade secret is protected, whether a trade secret of a technical or commercial nature, provided that: (2) Neither party restricts the export of freely convertible currencies: including deposits or instruments representing such currencies obtained in a manner authorised in the course of trade in goods and services by nationals from their territory; Companies and organizations of the other party.

1. The terms used in this Agreement have the following meanings: In October 2011, eight countries (Russia, Belarus, Ukraine, Moldova, Tajikistan, Armenia, Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan) of the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) signed a Free Trade Agreement (FTA) providing for the free movement of goods within the territory of the Member States and ratified it in subsequent years. In 2013, Uzbekistan joined by signing a separate agreement with the eight countries mentioned above. On December 30, 2015, President Putin signed Federal Law 410 suspending the free trade agreement between Russia and Ukraine. In response, on 2 January 2016, the Ukrainian Cabinet of Ministers adopted Resolution No. 1146 of 30 December 2015, which abolished trade preferences for goods from Russia. Russia and Ukraine have since expanded the mutual abolition of trade preferences, so that there is currently no trade preference between Russia and Ukraine and instead there are an increasing number of restrictions on Russian-Ukrainian trade in both directions. 6. The Parties recognize that the development of the provisions of this Article relating to protection against market disturbances is without prejudice to the right of a Party to apply the laws applicable to unfair trade. I. The Contracting Parties recognise that trade in textiles and textile products is generally governed by separate agreements. 3.

The Parties encourage nationals, enterprises and organizations of both countries concerned to seek ways to increase trade in machinery, equipment and technology, including the creation of favourable financial conditions for continued trade in such products. I have the honour to propose that this letter and your response constitute an agreement between our two Governments. 4. Either Party may terminate this Agreement by written notification to the other Party and, in such a case, the Parties shall endeavour, to the greatest extent possible, to minimize any possible interruption of their commercial relations. I have the honour to refer to the Agreement on Trade Relations between the United States of America and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, which was concluded on 1 October. It was signed in Washington in June 1990 (the „Agreement“). EFTA[17] has concluded bilateral agreements with the following countries – including dependent territories – and blocs: since 2012, when Russia joined the WTO, trade relations between the EU and Russia have also been governed by multilateral WTO rules. 4. Nothing in this paraphrase or the Agreement restricts the application of existing or future agreements between the Parties on trade in textiles and textile products. IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the duly authorized Signatories have signed this Agreement. (2.1.10) the licence shall not distort trade; and 3.

Neither Party may solicit or encourage Soviet organizations or U.S. citizens or companies to engage in barter or counter-exchange transactions. However, if nationals, companies or organizations decide to resort to counter-exchange transactions, the Parties will encourage them to provide each other with all the information necessary to facilitate the transaction. The Eurasian Economic Union, composed of Russia, Belarus, Kazakhstan, Armenia and Kyrgyzstan, has concluded free trade agreements, see below. 3. Tourist promotion offices opened by one of the Contracting Parties shall be operated on a non-commercial basis. Official tourism promotion agencies and the personnel assigned to them may not act as agents or customers in commercial transactions, enter into contractual agreements on behalf of commercial organizations or engage in other commercial activities. These offices may not sell services to the public or otherwise compete with travel agencies or tour operators in the host country. Describes the trade agreements in which this country is involved.

Provides resources for U.S. companies to obtain information on the use of these agreements. A second factor is the policy of import substitution, which Russia has been gradually pursuing since 2012 and which largely coincides with Russia`s accession to the WTO. Accession to the WTO had raised hopes that trade with Russia would benefit from further liberalization. Instead, Russia has gradually taken many measures that favor domestic products and services over foreign products, creating incentives for the localization of production in Russia by foreign companies. Such measures often violate the spirit and/or letter of WTO rules and cause many trade irritations. Since Russia joined the WTO in 2012, the EU has filed four WTO disputes against Russia: Switzerland (which has a customs union with Liechtenstein, which is sometimes included in agreements) has concluded bilateral agreements with the following countries and blocs[41] 2. The Contracting Parties shall encourage the adoption of arbitration for the settlement of disputes arising out of commercial transactions between nationals and enterprises of the United States and organizations of the Soviet Union. Such arbitration may be provided for by agreements in contracts between such nationals, undertakings or organisations or by separate written agreements between them. .